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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lim</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литье и металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-6065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0406</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BNTU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lim-903</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Материаловедение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Science of materials</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КОНЕЧНО-ЭЛЕМЕНТНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ГОРЯЧЕЙ ШТАМПОВКИ ВТУЛОК ИЗ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОГО ЧУГУНА С ГРАДИЕНТОМ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ГРАФИТНЫХ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЙ ПО СЕЧЕНИЮ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FINITE-ELEMENT MODELING OF HOT FORMING OF BUSHES MADE FROM HIGH-STRENGTH CAST IRON WITH A GRADIENT DISTRIBUTION OF GRAPHITE INCLUSIONS OVER CROSS-SECTION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovsky</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">arturu@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лущик</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lushchik</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pavel86lu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Физико-технический институт НАН Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Physical-Engineering Institute of the NAS of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-технологический парк БНТУ «Политехник»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific-technological park of BNTU «Polytechnic»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Покровский А.И., Лущик П.Е., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Покровский А.И., Лущик П.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pokrovsky A.I., Lushchik P.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lim.bntu.by/jour/article/view/903">https://lim.bntu.by/jour/article/view/903</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполнено имитационное моделирование процесса прямого горячего выдавливания втулок из высокопрочного чугуна, в частности, оценка вероятности образования трещин, величин напряжений, деформаций, их изменения в процессе штамповки. Отличительной особенностью объектов моделирования являлось использование при деформировании приемов, обеспечивающих градиент распределения графитных включений в структуре по сечению втулок. Полученные значения использованы в конкретных технологических процессах, используемых на практике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Imitation modeling of direct hot extrusion of bushes made from high-strength cast iron is performed using finite-element method. The evolution of stress and strain fields during processing and the probability of crack formation are evaluated. The specific feature of the work is that during hot forming a special technique was used which permitted obtaining a gradient distribution of graphite inclusions over the cross-section of bushes. The results of modeling are used in certain technologies which are implemented in industrial practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горячее выдавливание</kwd><kwd>высокопрочный чугун</kwd><kwd>втулки</kwd><kwd>металлическая матрица</kwd><kwd>включения графита</kwd><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hot extrusion</kwd><kwd>high-strength cast iron</kwd><kwd>bushes</kwd><kwd>metal matrix</kwd><kwd>graphite inclusions</kwd><kwd>finite-element method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Губкин С. И. Теория течения металлического вещества. М.; Л.: ОНТИ, 1935. 91с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubkin S. I. Teoriya techeniya metallicheskogo veschestva [The theory of flow of metals]. 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