The article deals with the design of rotary tilted melting furnaces (RTF), modeling of operation and calculation of the most loaded components and structural elements of these units. The results of the development and analysis of the operating experience of RTF used for processing various dispersed materials are presented. Recommendations for choosing optimal design solutions for rotary furnaces for recycling dispersed metal waste are given.

Aspects of thermal phenomena associated with the production process of bimetallic billets in conditions of small penetration depths of eddy currents compared to the size of the heated body are considered. Various conditions of heat distribution in the heated layer and its removal are modeled using differentiated thermal resistance. Based on the analysis of the temperature distribution in various situational variants, promising ways to improve this technology are identified.

The results of studies of obtaining complex castings from aluminum alloys using the self-filling method are presented. The influence of a number of technological parameters (pouring time, chill cooling mode, the use of self-filling, etc.) on the quality of the resulting piston castings has been studied. The optimal time for filling the chill mold was determined when casting pistons. It is shown that the chill mold cooling mode has a significant impact on the quality of castings.

The article presents the results of computer simulation of the crystallization of castings from high-speed steel R6M5, intended for the manufacture of cutters and gear shaping tools in the conditions of OJSC “Minsk Gear Plant”. The use of modeling made it possible to optimize the gating system, reduce this volume of the profitable part by 30–35 % and increase the yield of suitable casting, which made it possible to reduce the consumption of expensive alloying elements introduced into the melt to compensate for burnout during melting and casting.

It has been shown that Brownian movement in water occurs as a result of elastic collisions of ice nanocrystals with Brownian particles. Water consists of 87 % of ice nanocrystals and 13 % of water molecules. At 300 K, the ice nanocrystal in water on average consists of 24 water molecules. Brownian movement is an experimental confirmation of the nanocrystalline structure of liquids. This concept of liquids is of great importance for the theory of crystallization and modification of alloys. In metallic liquids, Brownian motion refers to microscopic non-metallic particles and intermetallides that have densities comparable to melt densities. In liquid aluminum alloys, Brownian particles are microscopic alumina particles that remain in the castings when they solidify.

The paper gives a general description of the areas of application of bentonite clays. A number of deposits were evaluated in terms of their use in various technological processes. Analysis of directions of application of bentonite clays in foundry was carried out.

Using the methods of X-ray and gas chromatographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and direct adsorption-structural measurements, it is shown that materials obtained from montmorillonite and heteronuclear hydroxo complexes Cr-Cu have greater thermal stability and better sorption characteristics compared to montmorillonite fixed by mononuclear hydroxo complexes

Using montmorillonite modified with heteronuclear hydroxo complexes Cr-Cu with the best adsorption-structural parameters and zeolite NCVM, a laboratory batch of mixed adsorbent catalysts has been developed.

This material has been studied in deep vapor oxidation processes of low concentrated organic substances such as acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, butanol and butyl acetate.

The conversion rate on the mixed adsorbent catalysts for the studied adsorbates was found to be 94.9–97.7 (average 96.2 %).

Compliance with the quenching technology ensures a high-quality product with the required properties. Violation of the modes of heating for quenching and cooling during quenching leads to the formation of defects such as soft spots and quenching cracks. The presence of soft spots in the metal is unacceptable due to structural stresses and the difference in mechanical properties between the base metal and the defective areas. To remove soft spots, repeated heat treatment is required. Quenching cracks occur due to internal stresses that exceed the resistance to destruction, due to non-simultaneous transformations and thermal expansion and compression. Products with quenching cracks are the final rejects.
The article examines soft spots and thermal cracks on the outer surface of seamless pipes formed during heat treatment. The results of metallographic studies of the microstructure in the defect zone are presented, and the genetic and morphological features of defects are determined and studied. The structural heterogeneity was confirmed by Rockwell hardness measurements. Based on the data obtained, the causes of defects were determined.

Hardware production is in continuous improvement: the requirements imposed by consumers stimulate the introduction of new technological solutions and equipment. For metal products produced by hardware shops (metal cord, wire for RVD, side bronzed wire), mechanical properties are important, which determine the strength, ductility and other characteristics of materials. Metal cord has a number of physical and chemical characteristics: the diameter of the metal cord, lay pitch, linear density, deviation from straightness, residual torsion, untwistability, characteristics of the brass coating-chemical composition – coating weight, brass thickness, adhesion, mechanical properties-breaking load, elongation at break.

The article describes the procedure for measuring the size of the lay pitch on a torsiometer installed by Metro Com engineering S. p. A., Italy using an upgraded device with ten pulses (resolution of the turn counter = 0.1 rotation of the rotating clamp). Comparative tests of 2x0. 30NT metal cord samples taken from a single coil were performed using a device with a resolution of 0.25 turns and 0.1 turns of the rotating clamp of the installation to determine the pitch of the coil.

The paper considers ways to assess the efficiency of using alternative sources of heat when melting alloys in electric arc furnaces. The focus is on increasing furnace productivity and reducing production costs. The analysis of the use of various systems for intensifying melting in arc furnaces and their main indicators is carried out. An assessment of the efficiency of fuel use in electric arc furnaces has been carried out. The expected economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources in electric furnaces has been calculated. It is shown that the economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources on electric arc furnaces depends significantly on the increase in furnace productivity.

A comparative analysis of the corrosion properties of zinc-containing coatings obtained on the basis of metallic powder zinc and dispersed hot-dip galvanized waste has been carried out. The results of a study of the corrosion resistance of zinc-containing coatings by the electrochemical method and in a salt spray chamber have shown that coatings obtained on the basis of dispersed hot-dip galvanized waste are not inferior in protective properties to coatings based on powder standard zinc.

Application modes have been developed and carbon coatings modified with metal clusters on 05S8-KV fabric (manufacturer OJSC Mogotex) were created. The surface morphology of this coated fabric was investigated. It was shown that during the deposition of coatings from 12X18H10T steel targets a droplet phase is present on the coatings (the maximum droplet size reaches 3.5 μm). The paramagnetic absorption of the system carbon coating – clusters from the 12X18H10T steel target is investigated. It was found that the EPR spectrum contains a spectral line 94.4 mt wide, which indicates a high concentration of magnetic resonance centers, the effective value of the g-factor is 2.26 ± 0.01. In addition, a narrow spectral line with an effective g-factor of 2.04 ± 0.01 is recorded in the spectrum, the linewidth is 4.3 mt, which is associated with a high local concentration of unpaired electrons in carbon clusters with a weak nonresonant absorption at UHF (ultra-high frequrncy). The result of measuring the specific surface resistance on fabrics with this coating (side 1 / side 2) is 2.3.109 and 4.8.109 ohms, respectively, which is slightly lower than for a pure carbon coating.

The paper considers the possibility of intensifying isothermal holding processes during quenching of high-strength cast irons by using an external source of physical impact in the form of ultrasonic waves. For experimental evaluation of this effect in the laboratory of MiAM of the Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, prototypes of highstrength cast irons were cast in an ISV 0.004 crucible induction furnace. A mixture of NaNO2 and KNO3 salts in a 1:1 ratio was used as a liquid cooling medium during quenching. Ultrasonic treatment of the salt melt during the cooling of the samples was carried out using an UZG-20–15 generator in cooperation with the ITA of NAS of Belarus. The mechanical properties and structure of the treated cast irons were determined both in the cast state and after isothermal quenching.

To study the effect of ultrasonic treatment of the quenching bath on the formation of the structure and properties of highstrength cast irons during isothermal quenching, a number of comparative experiments were carried out, consisting in cooling the samples from 910 °C to 350 °C with and without the use of dynamic waves to the bath. With the help of metallographic analysis, measurements of hardness and friction coefficient, the beneficial effect of ultrasonic treatment of the cooling medium on the structure and properties is shown, which is reflected in an increase in the uniformity of the distribution of hardness over the cross section of cast iron and in its wear resistance, as well as a reduction in the isothermal holding time by up to two times.

The mechanical properties of metals change temporarily or permanently under the influence of a high density electric current in the deformation zone. This phenomenon is called electroplasticity, and its use makes it possible to intensify the process of pressure treatment of electrically conductive materials, including those that are difficult to machine using existing technologies. By now, there is no established point of view on the physical nature of the manifestation of electroplasticity, although this effect itself has already found practical application. The electrical plasticity of metals and their alloys was studied under various loading conditions, including tensile, compression, and bending tests. The article analyzes the theoretical mechanisms of the occurrence of electroplasticity described in scientific publications, the results of studies of the electroplastic properties of various metals or metal alloys, and recommendations for the practical application of the electroplastic effect.

The article reveals the data concerning the mechanical properties changes of heat-treated steel articles subjected to thermo diffusion pack cementation. The temperature frames of thermo diffusion influence on tensile strength were determined for heat-treaded steel articles. Results of tensile test of high strength bolts treated using thermo diffusion pack cementation at 420 °C show no any effect from the side of pack cementation treatment on working properties of the tested samples. It is shown that in conditions of cyclic fatigue loading thermo diffusion pack cementation of heat treated article may leads to strength loss that can be explained by formation of solid intermetallic phases in a surface area of the article.

In this article is substantiated the hypothesis of the possibility of increasing the heat resistance of hypoeutectoid carbon steels by preliminary thermal diffusion alloying followed by the application of vacuum nitride coatings. It was established that thermal diffusion layers obtained as a result of saturation with boron and aluminum have the greatest heat resistance in terms of relative mass gain, then in order of decreasing heat resistance: layers obtained as a result of saturation with boron and silicon, boron and chromium, boron and nitrogen, and as a result of boriding. New composite coatings of heat-resistant compositions “thermodiffusion layer – vacuum ion-plasma coating” have been developed, which are also solid, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant under atmospheric corrosion, solutions of salts and certain acids. The influence of ionic-plasma coatings on additional increase in heat resistance of steels with the produced thermodiffusion layers, during which the most efficient compositions of the developed coatings are defined and given to improve the temperature resistance of the surface, was assessed. The results of the calculation of the predicted heat resistance of the developed compositions “diffusion layer – ion-plasma coating” on hypoeutectoid carbon steels are given in the article.

The influence of fields of elastic interphase deformations on the amount of broadening of reflections from the separation phase is studied. It is established that elastic interphase deformations in strongly distorted crystals have a significant effect on the amount of broadening of reflections from the separation phase. Due to the fact that the broadening of the diffraction lines is used to judge the size of the selection particles, this leads to a significant error in estimating their true value. Therefore, the influence of elastic interphase strain fields should certainly be taken into account when determining particle sizes from x-ray data.

This article is the first in a cycle devoted to the creation and application of nanomaterials and technologies in modern industry, in general, and in metallurgy, materials science and foundry, in particular. The article discusses the unique properties of nanomaterials and the associated advantages, disadvantages and areas of their application, as well as the problems and directions of the development of nanotechnologies, the prospects and consequences of the widespread use of nanomaterials in various fields, their influence on the development of society, industry, economy and ecology.

The need to account for cost price occupies an important place in the enterprise management system. One of the important tasks of accounting for cost price is to control the cost of production. The cost price includes the total costs necessary for the enterprise to carry out production and commercial activities related to the production and sale of products, that is, everything that the enterprise costs to produce and sell products.

To determine the economic benefits of selling the company’s finished products, it is necessary to know the final cost of the proposed contract. The amount of profit directly depends on the correctness of setting the sales price of products. This article discusses the assessment of the economic effect when modeling various contract positions based on the cost price of the enterprise, which will allow you to quickly solve production issues.

The source data is information stored in the SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System) system: materials, component lists, component standards, etc. The source data processing and analysis system is SAP BI (Business Intelligence). To display the final result, we use a program designed for working with Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

The dark matter hypothesis was created to explain the reason for the preservation of stellar clusters from dispersion. The weak point of this hypothesis is the great age of space, which is 13.8 billion years. Based on experimental data, it is shown that the age of space does not exceed 10 thousand years. In this case, the hypothesis of dark matter is not needed, since stellar clusters cannot scatter in such short cosmic time. The dark energy hypothesis was created to explain the reason for the accelerated expansion of space. The basis for this phenomenon is a large amount of spectral redshift of distant luminous space objects. It is shown that this value is mainly determined by the significant absorption of light energy of distant space objects by a huge amount of intergalactic gas, and not by the movement of these objects. In this case, the hypothesis of dark energy is not needed, and space should not rapidly expand and scatter in space.