Method of calculation of thermodynamic parameters of metals has been developed. Based on the thermodynamic parameters of the metals, it is shown that the Gibbs molar volumetric energy has a negative value. When metals are heated, Gibbs molar volumetric energy decreases. The heating and cooling processes are reversible. Metal crystallization occurs under thermodynamically equilibrium conditions.

Method of calculation and calculated values of parameters of elementary nanocrystals of liquid metals at melting temperature are given. It has been shown that radii of elementary nanocrystals are from 2 nm to 12 nm, and the number of atoms in each elementary nanocrystal varies from 2000 to 100000. This provides liquid metals with a high solidification rate and explains the abnormally high diffusion coefficient in liquid metals compared to solid metals.

The article presents an analysis of methods that can be used for low‑tonnage production of ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and other ferroalloys in the conditions of a machine‑building enterprise using its own waste, including dispersed. It is proposed to carry out the production of ferroalloys in rotary tilting furnaces (RNP) of a new generation, which have maximum efficiency when heating and melting dispersed materials, allow active oxidation and reduction processes and are able to provide the necessary profitability even with small production volumes.

The article presents an analysis of laboratory methods for studying temperature and phase expansions and changes in the properties of molding and core mixtures during heating. The analysis of laboratory equipment offered on the Belarusian market for high‑temperature testing of molding materials and mixtures is carried out, the methodology for conducting such tests using devices from leading world manufacturers is described. The results of high‑temperature test tests of mixtures based on furan binders are presented.

The purpose of this work is to study the process of neutralization of vapors of a mixed solvent of the brand 650 by the adsorption‑catalytic method. The essence of the method consists in the concentration of solvent components on the sorbent, thermal desorption followed by periodic flameless catalytic oxidation of accumulated organic substances to carbon dioxide and water. Synthetic zeolite of the NaX brand was used as a sorbent, and a porous material based on foam ceramics of the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ composition with a highly developed modified surface with an active catalytic phase was used as a catalyst. The mixed solvent contains, xylenes, ethylcellosol, n‑butanol. It is shown that the value of the sorption volume of zeolite for each class of the considered compounds is influenced by certain factors: the length and structure of the carbon skeleton, the position of the hydroxyl group (for alcohols and esters), the number of methyl groups in the composition of molecules (for the production of benzene). The conversion rate of the mixed solvent components was 65.4–90.1 %.

The article reports on the new technology and equipment of vertical‑stack molding (VSM), created by OJSC “BELNIILIT” for the manufacture of vertical‑stack molds. The development is intended for the production of molds and cast blanks of oil, which are later used for the manufacture of piston rings of internal combustion engines.

The difference between the above‑mentioned technology and traditional methods of VSM is the use of models without drafts. The development is export‑oriented and has a great economic effect for ring manufacturers due to the absence of drafts on castings, since part of the mechanical operations for their processing is excluded, the metal consumption of blanks is reduced, the production spaces required in this regard are reduced, the necessary labor supply is reduced, etc.

OJSC “BELNIILIT” has successfully carried out experimental design and technological work on the new scientific and technical products creation, which are of great interest to the world manufacturers of piston rings. An industrial sample of a molding machine and a mold manipulator were manufactured.

OJSC “BELNIILIT” specialists have developed a method and an automatic device for monitoring and managing the quality of raw sand‑clay molding blend, which is based on the integrated control – compaction of the molding blend principles, measurement of humidity and strength in the raw state, measurement of temperature directly in the process of mixture preparation. The equipment is integrated into existing automated mixture preparation complexes manufactured by OJSC “BELNIILIT”, it is possible to install on old design mixers.

The work contains the results of the analysis of technical literature and author’s research on the use of aluminium slags and products of their processing in metallurgical production. It has been shown that the bulk of reagents derived from secondary aluminum production wastes (APWs) are used with increased sodium and potassium chloride. This creates some inconvenience for out‑of‑furnace steel treatment due to the increased chloride content in the working area. It is proposed for steel processing to use APWs formed during flux‑free melting or dump aluminium slags. This allows to reduce the content of salt fluxes residues to 1.0–1.5 % and to improve working conditions at ladle furnaces when liquefying refining slags.

High quality of purchased resources plays a critical role under the conditions of severe international competition. Raw materials, materials and components are purchase for product production and their quality is an essential part in the production of steel at OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC” holding». The problem of excessively high level of dynamic loads is especially acute for roughing stands. The main reasons for dynamic overloads are intense transient processes occurring in the rolling cycle, the presence of elastic constraints and gaps in the system, imperfection of electric drive system and errors made during development. Therefore, there is a need for selection of material and manufacturing technology for mill rolls capable to withstand such loads for a sufficiently long period. Investigations of destruction causes of experimental mill roll of stand roughing group of mill 150 of section rolling shop at OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC” holding were carried out. Main classification features are established based on the analysis of the fracture. The results of metallographic studies of microstructure and chemical composition of central and subsurface zone roll fragments are presented. The reason of destruction of experimental mill roll was discovered – nonconformance of roll material grade with the requirements of technological instructions and normative documentation for rough group of stands No. 1–3

In the article, the current problem of reducing the cost of pipe‑rolling products, which is especially acute in the world market of metal products high competition conditions is considered. A significant share in the cost of pipe products stands at the cost of rolling tools. Reducing the cost of buying a deforming tool allows you to make considerable savings in the seamless pipes’ production. The article presents: analysis of the economic efficiency of manufacturing long cylindrical mandrels from a semi‑finished product – forged billet at OJSC «BSW – management company of «BMC» holding»; development of the technological process for the production of long mandrels depending on the required size; the results on the manufacture of long cylindrical mandrels from forged billet at OJSC «BSW – management company of «BMC» holding», as well as their industrial tests in the conditions of the pipe rolling shop. A positive result of using long mandrels of the PQF mill made of forged blanks was obtained.

The relationships between the parameters of the structure of heat‑treated steels and their abrasive wear resistance are established. At all temperatures of the final tempering of hardened steel, there is a direct relationship between its structure parameters (the number of elements in a solid solution, the density of dislocations, the size of cementite particles and the intercementite distance) and wear resistance when sliding friction against loose abrasive particles. A computer program has been developed to select the chemical composition of the steel grade and methods of thermal hardening in order to ensure the required wear resistance.

The article discusses the types of various dusty iron‑containing waste generated in metallurgical and foundry production. Rational waste processing technologies are considered. The analysis of the chemical composition of iron‑containing waste, morphology and particle size is presented. Variants of processing and use technology that are acceptable for the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are proposed.

Despite a significant amount of work in the field of mechanically doped alloys and, above all, based on aluminum and copper, research aimed at creating mechanically doped alloys is extremely limited. In this regard, the following work aimed at to establishing the regularities of the formation of the phase composition, structure, and properties in the implementation of the technology for obtaining mechanically doped heat‑resistant steels, is important and relevant.

The basis for the development of mechanically doped alloys were the results of long‑term research carried out at the Belarusian‑Russian University and aimed at studying mechanically and thermally activated structural phase transformations taking place at all the technological stages of obtaining mechanically doped metal alloys. In this article, in a generalized form the final research results are presented, revealing the patterns of these transformations, which are a reliable scientific basis for the creation of mechanically doped complex‑hardened heat‑resistant steels.

The process of inorganic and organic components temperature transformation of metal waste into solid and gaseous products in a continuous hot briquetting muffle furnace has been studied. The composition of the hydrocarbon atmosphere formed in the muffle under conditions of limited access to the oxidizer has been determined. It is shown that the thermal destruction of the coolant oil phase proceeds according to a complex mechanism of consecutive reactions, including polycondensation, polymerization, and deep compaction with a constant decrease in the hydrogen content and ends with the formation of a coke‑like carbon residue on the surface of metal particles and an air suspension of finely dispersed carbon particles (smoke). When it is heated to hot briquetting temperatures of 750–850 °C, chemically active dispersions of ferrous metals are protected from oxidation first by a hydrocarbon gas with a density of 9.0–13.5 kg/m3, then by a pyrocarbon coating with a thickness of 0.1–0.3 mm up to the completion of the processes of pressing and cooling the briquette.

The established regularities of the formation of powders based on iron and nickel, obtained by the method of mechanical alloying and intended for the deposition of thermal spraying coatings, as well as the manufacture of products by layer‑by‑layer synthesis. The structure, phase composition and properties of materials are investigated. Powders consist of particles with a size of 20–70 microns, differ in the submicrocrystalline type structures, and nonequilibrium phase composition. Thermal spray coatings made of them have a set of properties that significantly exceed the properties of coatings made of commercially available materials. The diameter of the grains of the material obtained by the SLМ method from the synthesized powder is 1.5–2.0 times smaller than that produced from the powder of 316L steel, and the heat resistance is higher.

In this paper, a new forging technology realizing intense shear deformations during processing with a tool for its implementation was considered, and the influence of the proposed forging technology on the microstructure evolution of 7CrMn2WMo economy‑alloyed steel was revealed. A comparative analysis of the results of the microstructure evolution when forging blanks made of 7CrMn2WMo steel according to the proposed and current technologies proves the usefulness of a new design tool instead of the currently used flat strikers, since forging in the proposed forging tool provides more intensive and uniform processing of the cast structure over the entire section of the workpiece compared to forging in the flat strikers.

The structural‑phase state of the gas‑thermal coating made of Fe‑Cr‑Ni‑Al pseudo‑alloy in the initial state, as well as after annealing in the temperature range 550–650 °C for 20–60 minutes, has been investigated. It has been established that the phase composition of the Fe‑Cr‑Ni‑Al pseudo‑alloy in the initial state includes mainly Al and α‑Fe, and its porosity does not exceed 3–5 vol.%. Annealing of a thermal spray coating from a pseudo‑alloy at temperatures of 550–650˚C for 20–60 minutes leads to the release of iron‑aluminum intermetallic compounds Fe₃Al, Al₁₃Fe₄ and Al₅Fe₂, an increase in hardness and porosity.

The results of research on working conditions and labor safety assessment in foundries are presented. The production factors of working conditions in foundries with different types of production and their impact on injuries and professional incidence of workers are considered. Recommendations to improve working conditions and reduce their impact on foundry workers are given.

It is generally accepted that physicochemical reactions are mainly molecular atomic. It was shown that liquid water consists of 12 % molecules and 88 % of ice nanocrystals. When melting, microcrystals of substances break down into nanocrystals and molecules or into nanocrystals and atoms. During the crystallization of liquids, the reverse process occurs. Based on the above physicochemical reactions, it is shown that nanostructural mechanisms prevail in their basis.