The information is given about the history of the Department of «Metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys», which has undergone three changes in the name:» Foundry of ferrous and non – ferrous metals « – «Metallurgy of casting alloys» – «Metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys». The article describes the main developments made at the Department and implemented at the enterprises of the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The information is provided about the awards and honorary titles of employees of the Department during the existence of the Department. The specialties for which training of specialists with higher education at the I and II stages is implemented in postgraduate and doctoral studies are given. The names of the heads of enterprises, leading specialists and civil servants – graduates of the Department are provided.

The educational-methodical, scientific and research activities of the Department «Labor Protection» of Belarusian Technical University (BNTU) were shown in the article. The disciplines involved in the training of engineers for Industry were briefly covered.

For a solution of the problem of crystallization of metals and alloys it is necessary to take for granted that the basic construction elements in forming crystals are nanocrystals of phases. Specific interphase surface energy of a crystallization center is directly proportional to its radius. Hydrogen exerts direct impact on process of crystallization of dendritic crystals of phases.

The analysis of the performed researches has shown that the offered calculation technique is an effective means of management of formation process in casting. The found dependences and experimental data allow to calculate the specific value of the exactм heat flux in a given range of technological parameters obtained during a series of successful experiments for a particular casting method.

Having the results of studies of the temperature regime of the mold during casting of a certain size and profile, it is possible to calculate the thermal state of the mold for the same casting process, but for the production of castings of any other size and profile.

Having a certain amount of information on the temperature regime of the mold at different casting methods, you can use the solutions obtained to become the owner of a database containing the necessary information for solving the problems of solidification of the casting. In the subsequent design of equipment and equipment there is no need for additional experimental studies and analysis of the results.

The mechanisms of interaction of various ultradisperse substances with molding materials, as well as their influence on physical and technological properties, are considered. Examples of using of ultrafine nano-sized additives in foundry are given. The possibilities of increasing level of technological properties (initial strength, gas permeability and non-stick properties) of mixtures due to additives of UPC, which contributes the improvement of the surface quality of castings and to the reduction laboriousness of finishing operations are described.

The fundamental purpose of the proposed research is to identify and analyze important technological parameters by obtaining the characteristics of the studied thermal properties of hot tops, providing a stable mode of applying hydrodynamic pressure before the crystallization of the casting due to the heating of hot top part of the interrelated elements of the «gating system–casting» on the basis of means of providing computational experiments from the point of view of managing the production process of blanks of wearing parts.

The article studies the issues of dust and gas cleaning of emissions from smelting units, the analysis of the relationship of furnaces energy efficiency and their environmental parameters, the complex systems that insure high efficiency of gas purification which are aspirated from the melting units are provided, with minimal energy and investment costs.

The aim of the present paper is investigation of removal of Fe³⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous media by material on the basis of steel melting slag. It has been established that the process of water purification from Fe³⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions by this material proceeds by a mixed mechanism both due to the formation of slightly soluble silicates and also due to the formation of hydroxides. When the filtration rate varies from 2 to 10 column volumes per hour, the percentage of sorption remains within 91,5–99,8%. The most optimal filtration rate is 6 column volumes per hour. Material on the basis of steel melting slag absorbs of Fe (III) up to 5 mg-eq/g and Pb (II) 0.64–1.27 mg-eq/g.

With the aim of obtaining scale with a high degree possibility of mechanical removal under the conditions of the section rolling shop No. 1, at the mill «150» JSC «Belarusian Metallurgical Works – Management Company of Holding «BMC» developed technological modes of production of wire rods made of low-carbon steel grades.

The peculiarities of scale formation were studied, namely, the factors influencing the removability, obtaining the optimal thickness and its phase components on the wire rod diameter 5.5–6.5 mm in the cooling process immediately after rolling, intended for wire production.

To obtain the necessary ratio of the phase constituents of the scales on the surface of the wire rod, the following factors was taken into account: the temperature of the layout of the turns on the roller table in the air cooling line; (uniformity along the length of the turn), the cooling conditions of the helix of the turns (prevention of the 4FeO = Fe₃O₄-Fe decay), where the condition of cooling the wire rod from 600 to 250 °С, not exceeding 100 s, must be observed.

The results of metallographic studies of scale on the wire surface are presented. The introduced technological regimes provided the optimal thickness and the FeO / Fe₃O₄ ratio after the experimental rolling of the metal. Exhausted cooling regimes allowed to reduce the consumption of fiber for all types of wire.

The article presents various methods for determining the strength and plastic properties of the wire to assess the quality characteristics of the products produced in the steel shops of JSC «BMW – the Management Company of the Holding «BMC».

The methods of determining the propensity of a thin wire to laminations by reversing the twisting («Swedish» twist) and unilateral twisting, fixing the length change of the sample with a prefix with the dial indicator are considered. The article describes the procedure and results of research to determine the effect of the ratio of the conditional yield strength to the time resistance of the rupture on the plastic properties of the wire, the type of tensile diagram of the wire fragility.

Based on the research experience of the wire raptures all weld defects are systematized. These stydies were done during the rough-the middle wire drawing and bronzing. The defects which most often occur breakages of wire were listed and requirements to the weld seam were established.

The article presents the issues of sharpness of images of the structure of materials in metallographic studies. The use of the concept of depth of field to obtain images of the structure of various objects – fractures, microsection polished specimen, optically transparent materials is illustrated. The errors of focusing on the sharpness for metal specimens are considered; it is shown that in the case of inclined arrangement of the specimen, the zone of sharp image is a strip with parallel boundaries formed by a fuzzy visible structure. Particularities of focusing out-of-flatness samples and replicas are shown. It is noted that the location of the areas of the non-sharply visible structure in the image is the result of external influence. The possibilities of varying sharpness for the quantitative analysis of austenite grain, as well as the visualization of dendritic structures are demonstrated.

The technology of cross-screw reduction of tube billets with reverse correction is presented. The calculation of the change in the geometry of the workpiece with a change in the feed angle is carried out. It is shown that for small feeding angles the change in geometry is insignificant, which makes it possible to conduct reverse correction of the workpiece. The calculation of parameters of reverse grooving is carried out.

The possibility of selective laser sintering of graded porous and compactly porous structures by surface fusion of powder particles is demonstrated while maintaining a solid core, which leads to the formation of interparticle contacts in the presence of a liquid phase. The interaction of the light flux of the laser pulse with the surface of the powder particles under multiple reflection is considered. It is shown that the effect of single pulses of laser radiation leads to the formation of sintered structural elements of a powder material having a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the focal spot. Technological regimes of pulsed laser action are established at which steady contact formation of titanium powder particles of the fractional compositions under study occurs. The possibility of obtaining powder materials with a gradient structure by controlling the parameters of pulsed laser action is experimentally demonstrated. It was found that accurate dosing of thermal energy and the number of pulses of laser radiation makes it possible to minimize shrinkage of powder layers in the absence of particle conglomeration, to control the structural characteristics and properties of products, to preserve the microstructure and phase composition of the initial materials.

Semiconductor laser has some features that make it an efficient tool for surface treatment of metals, in particular for surface strengthening. It provides high enough concentration of energy in the heat spot, possibility to adjust process parameters in wide range. Insignificant, compare to other types of laser, energy density eliminates an extensive penetration and internal melting of the metal, which is very important for surface treatment and for the wear resistant covering.

Method of metal layers deposition by feeding a metal strip and its melting by laser beam was developed. Metallurgical processes of the deposit lay forming were investigated; method of feeding the filler strip was optimized.

The nominal rotational torque on the rolls during asymmetric rolling of a strip of few-leaf springs was calculated. To stabilize the rolling process it was proposed to use a front tension and a minimum value of such tension was computed. Misalignment of the circumferential speeds of the driving and driven rolls are calculated. The design of a composite banded roll with two tabs on the bandage and the two grooves on the shaft are proposed. In addition, the mating surfaces of the shaft and the shroud are made in the form of a Morse cone, which facilitates the repair of the roll and provides a tight contact between the mating surfaces. The test for bearing stress and shear of the tabs on the bandage. The structural strength of banded roll is provided.

There was analyzed videotape recording of palladium plate bending during its one-side saturation with hydrogen in experimental conditions of isothermal temperature 130 °С, step hydrogening up to Р_Н2 = 0,01 МPа, 0,033, 0,05 МPа. For experiments pure palladium plate of (68×5,5×0,27) mm size electrolytically covered with copper was used as well as specially constructed hydrogen vacuum device. It is shown, that palladium plate bending processes in two stages. In the first stage it is very intensive and quickly reaches values much more than plates thickness. In the second stage the plate is returning to initial state but fixing a small residual form changing. The second stage is much more slow than the first one. Repeated hydrogening lead to a decrease in the maximum bending of the plate. It is shown that the bending is caused by internal stresses induced by hydrogen concentration gradients but the responsibility of such a behavior possessed by temporarily existing gradient material Pd-PdH_x. In the first moments of saturation the layer of PdH_x is formed in palladium subsurface layers and a side near copper is free from hydrogen. As hydrogen concentration in plate becomes equal through the plate thickness, the plate returns to initial form.

There were calculated parameters of temporarily existing gradient material Pd-PdH_х in frames of model discussed. Results of the work are of interest for development of hydrogen sensors.

It is shown that the amount of flux used in melting significantly influences the composition and volume of dust and gas emissions. Based on the results of the chemical analysis of dust a solution was adopted for the fluxless melting of aluminum waste. In this case, the proportion of chlorine-containing compounds is 1.4% at 75% of aluminum oxides, which makes it possible to use the formed dust to produce a deoxidizing mixture or a refiner slag. On the basis of balance melting, it is shown that with fluxless melting of aluminum waste, a waste-free processing technology is realized, ensuring ecological and economic effects.

The article presents some information about creation of model kits and core equipment for the manufacture of molds and rods of cold-hardening sand-clay mixtures in the individual, serial and mass production of castings of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. There was analyzed their constituent materials and investigated a number of mechanical properties of the binding components for their attachment. Was shown the analysis of adhesive compositions of the world’s leading manufacturers, used for the manufacture of high-strength model sets by 3D milling methods.

Preparation, structure and properties of modified welds by using electrodes with coatings, which contain, along with classical components, a modifying ligature. The ligature is mechanically and thermally synthesized composite submicrocrystalline powders with nanosized inclusions of aluminum oxides. Reactionary mechanical alloying is an effective technology of obtaining nanocrystalline modifying ligatures and modifiers. The use of electrodes with an experimental coating containing a mechanically alloyed, composite ligature to resolve transcrystalline type of structure of the weld metal and reduce the grain size by 2,5–3,0 times (from № 8–9 to № 11–12) reduces by 20–30% the threshold of cold brittleness and increase by 15–25% of mechanical properties of the weld metal.

New modes of thermal hardening of various semi-finished products made from high-strength titanium alloy VT23 are recommended, and the mechanical and special properties obtained as a result of their research are given.

The issues of safety of workers in the foundry production ate considered. The results of the analysis of occurrence rate industrial injuries in foundries with different nature of production are given.