For a solution of the problem of modification of a microstructure of cast alloys it is necessary to accept admission that crystallization centers of crystals of phases are the crystalline buildups consisting of nanocrystals of phases. The role of modifiers comes down to lower concentration in a metal melt of the dissolved surface-active elements and gases and (or) to formate of the moistened substrates on which process of gas generation and deleting gas bubbles will be most preferable.

In the article the possibility of obtaining high-quality castings from a charge, consisting of secondary aluminium A356.2 and AK7ch with a high level of iron, is considered. The influence of the complex treatment of the melt by a modifier and fine-crystalline remelting at an iron content in the alloy to 1.84% is presented.

Possibilities of creation of composites with application of a method of super-deep penetration (SDP) are considered. At drifting of metals and alloys in a regime of super-deep penetration powdered particles penetrate to depths into tens and hundreds millimetres. Results are brought, that at driving in a metal lower die (in the enclosed system) powdered particles generate additional energy. The filaments (channels) doped by substance introduced by powders and synthesised materials are besides, shaped. It is shown, that doping in regime SDP is localised in reinforcing zones and occurs at the expense of a heading of a material of microparticles and synthesis in high pressure zones.

The extraction of Fe³⁺ ions and ion nitrate from aquatic solutions by a material obtained on the base of steel slag is studied in the article.

The residual content of Fe³⁺ ions in the dynamic filtration mode decreased from 0.19 mg/dm³ to 0.08 mg/dm³.

Technological methods applied for intensification liquid-glass mixture hardening process are described. Influence of physical and chemical processes at liquid-glass mixtures technological properties are examined. The application of combined methods of hardening the mixture is proposed, as well as examples of such technological processes are given. The effect of combined methods on the technological properties of the mixture is described. The need for more hard research in this area is justified

The methodical application of neural network modeling in preparation and optimization of casting technology is described. A new technique for classifying castings based on geometric relationships of the geometry of parts and information on the distribution of wall thickness in castings.

The influence of carbon and the type of forms on the wear resistance, hardness and strength of samples from chromium iron made of ИЧХ18ВМ cast iron was investigated. The analysis of the structural structure of the samples of cast iron ИЧХ18ВМ depending on the type of shape and amount of carbon was made. It is established that regardless of the type of forms with increasing carbon content the formation of large primary carbides is observed, and then the emergence of particularly large trigonal carbides in a hypereutectic iron was confirmed. It is shown that regardless of the type of forms the formation and growth of carbides are influenced by such factors as an increase in the carbon content and the rate of solidification. A comparison was made between the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of samples obtained at different heat exchange and solidification rates.

The physical principles of magnetic control of the structure of malleable cast iron compact castings are summarized. It reports on the technical features and mode of operation of the automated instrument used for control. The features of formation of remanent magnetization of unhealed castings of nipples from malleable cast iron with bleached surface layer, features of the influence of changes in the layer thickness on the result of magnetization of the castings are established. A criterion for sorting castings with thickness of the bleached layer was developed based on the result of measuring its residual magnetization a given. Recommendations on its use when adjusting the rejection limit for automated magnetic sorting of castings by structure at the Minsk plant of heating equipment are given.

By means of numerical simulation the influence of the geometry of calibers of mill rolls on the wear of the elongating mandrel is determined. The type of the grooving of mill rolls of a continuous three roll reeling mill, which reduces the wear of the elongating mandrel during the rolling, is determined.

The possibility of using the deposited suspended particles of electric arc furnaces as heat-resistant modifying additives for friction composites is considered. It is shown that the precipitated particles obtained during the smelting of steel of different grades have identical morphology and are a homogeneous mechanical mixture consisting mainly of spherical particles of no more than 1 µm in size.
It is established that the composites on the basis of the fluoropolymer, modified by precipitated particles obtained in the smelting of steel of various sizes have different tribological properties. This is due to the difference in the chemical composition of the deposited particles.
It was found that the use of deposited particles in composite materials allows to vary the value of the dynamic friction coefficient in a wider range, in particular to obtain higher and stable values, while the wear resistance of modified friction composites is more than 500 times higher than the same index of the matrix polymer – polytetrafluoroethylene.

In the process of the design of the machine, lath or unit the foundations of durability and reliability of individual components and parts are established. In the manufacture a great influence on the quality and performance of parts have technological factors. The reliability and durability of the most loaded mated parts, working parts of the machine depend largely on the correctness of the choice of the manufacturing method, the purpose of the appropriate hardening metal processing, the quality of the Assembly.

Part shaft is present in any mechanism and plays an important role in ensuring of the functional performance of units and assemblies. During operation, the shafts are subjected to operating loads, resulting in defects. The diversity and complexity of modern structures, their operating conditions, methods of production and hardening of parts makes the technical diagnosis of the causes of destruction a very difficult task, which in some cases can be solved only with the help of a complex of modern physical methods of research, including fractography and microscopy.

The article deals with the causes of destruction of the roll shaft of the working cassette of the wire block. On the basis of the fracture analysis, the main classification features are established: orientation, microgeometry, degree of plastic deformation at fracture and fracture energy, micromechanism of fracture. The fracture surface has a fine-grained fracture (formed under conditions of small plastic deformation) and is characterized by the presence of shiny flat areas on the fracture surface

The article discusses the relevance of the problem of ensuring the accuracy of the geometric dimensions of rolled profiles on long and wire mills. On the example of this type of long products, such as wire rod, which are subject to strict requirements for geometric dimensions, describes the main difficulties in solving the problems of which is the need to take into account the technological effect of intercellular tension in continuous rolling, which often leads to an uncontrollable effect on the accuracy of rolling.

There is a tendency in recent years to use by the world’s leading manufacturers of tires metal wires of small diameter (0,175– 0,20 mm) with higher strength, which requires the use of increased total number of extracts on wet drawing. The possibility of increasing the compression can be limited not only by the ductility of the processed metal, but also by the design of the existing drawing mills, in particular, by the insufficient total passport kinematic drawing and, as a consequence, to the excessive sliding of the wire relative to the drawing washers. Results of modernization of mills of different types including increase in number of transitions of drawing to 28 with decrease in private and increase in total passport extracts at the expense of installation of additional drawing washers of small diameter and additional reducing dies are considered. The results show that the positive effect of the improvement of some technological parameters can be offset by the deterioration of other factors. It is shown that the mills with three pairs of drawing cones have more opportunities for this modernization than similar mills, but with two pairs of cones. The criterion of estimation of influence of sizes of drawing washers on plastic properties of a wire for a metal cord based on experience of operation of mills with different construction of kinematics is offered.

Analysis of the research results shows that about 20% of defective weld joints of the metal wire cord are destroyed due to the presence of internal pores in the weld zone. The article analyzes the results of the work carried out in the laboratories of the Belarusian metallurgical works – the management company of the Belarusian metallurgical company holding, and identifies possible causes of this defect in the structure of welded metal wire cord joints.

On the basis of mathematical modeling, numerical calculations of the process of forming dust emissions in the workshop containing equipment are performed. The possibilities of obtaining calculated information on the distribution of velocities, temperatures, and dust emissions in a 3d-spatial structure are shown. Calculated three-dimensional dynamics of air and dust in the conditions of the workshop, which can be used to develop activities to improve the ecology of the workshop.

Increasing the operational reliability of friction units is one of the priorities for mechanical engineering, which requires the creation of effective tribotechnical materials. First of all, this applies to sliding bearings, which are used in various friction units in a wide range of operating conditions and must meet a number of requirements: low coefficient of friction, high wear resistance and fatigue resistance, as well as good thermal conductivity, workability, corrosion resistance and machinability, low coefficient of linear expansion and low cost. It is problematic to satisfy these requirements in real conditions; therefore, different friction materials that are best suited to specific conditions have been developed. In particular, cast composite materials (LCM) have been developed, which have found application in various friction units operating in severe operating conditions. Currently, the theoretical foundations of the mechanics of reinforced composite materials are well developed, and a significant progress has been achieved in their material science. However, there are still many problems associated with the choice of optimal technology ensuring the achievement in practice of the predicted composites properties by theory, control of interfacial interaction to improve the stability of the structure and properties of CM, with the development of new types of reinforcing elements that can raise the level of composite performance.

In the present work results of scientific and experimental studies on the development of casting technology (solid-liquid synthesis) for obtaining composite materials with macroheterogeneous structure have been summarized. The structures of composites are studied for different methods of synthesis, as well as for different chemical composition of cast iron granules. The prospects of using white vanadium cast iron granules as a reinforcing phase are shown.

The article describes the method of obtaining a special medical alloy based on Co-Cr, which is also used to create implants for large joints of a man (hip and knee). The analysis of the optimal relationship between the alloy components is carried out. Also in this article the results of investigations of technological plasticity, microstructure, phase composition of samples from alloy are presented. Co-Cr analysis, subjected to longitudinal draft and extrusion.

The article reveals some aspects of structure formation between cuprum fibers and Zn in fluidized powder mixture. It was established that diffusion saturation of cuprum fibers with Zn leads to formation of diffusion layer with decreased melting temperature. The presence of high concentrated Zn zones on the top of the each separate fiber results in improved compactability and sintering temperature in that of high importance in production of porous filter materials.

The microstructure of samples of austenitic stainless steel and Al-Si alloy, obtained by the wire based additive method under various conditions was investigated. The effect of the beam current, the deposition intervals and the electron beam post-processing on the microstructure is shown.

A brief review of the additive technologies used for producing the foundry forming tooling is carried out. The peculiarities of using extrusion 3D-ptinting technology for producing the foundry forming tooling in comparison with other additive technologies are considered. The possibilities to produce the foundry forming tooling from clay viscous-flowing materials using extrusion 3D-ptinting technology are demonstrated experimentally.

The article presents an overview of achievements of hydrogen treatment of materials, – the field of materials science, which makes possible improvement of materials structure and properties with the help of a reversible hydrogen effect. Examples of the hydrogen technologies use in casting and metallurgy are shown. Thermohydrogen processing (THP) of titanium alloys consists of a number of successive operations: hydrogenation of the metal to specified concentrations, technological action on the metal, vacuum annealing to remove hydrogen from the metal to safe concentrations. THP allows plasticizing titanium alloys, increasing their antifriction properties. In welded joints of titanium alloys, the THP equalizes the plasticity of the welded joint and the base metal, increases the cyclic life of the products by 2–2.5 times. In the technologies of casting, the preliminary hydrogenation of a number of aluminum melts leads to an increase in the strength limit by 20–30%, and the relative elongation by 15–45%, and also increasing heat resistance after plastic deformation. With the help of hydrogen, it is possible to carry out controlled powdering of intermetallic compounds, to form nanostructures in materials, to accelerate the processes of chemical-thermal treatment, and to cause «artificial polymorphism» in metals that are not polymorphic by its nature.

It is concluded that some of hydrogen technologies have already been commercialized, some are still waiting for wide use. In general, the prospects for the development of hydrogen processing of materials lie in the development of the application of metal– hydrogen systems, and international activity (in particular, schools and conferences), traditionally and regularly held on this topic, allow us to judge the intensive development of the theory and practice of hydrogen technologies.

Based on the analysis of the essence of localization of the deformation zone the display signs of this factor and the accompanying positive effect were established. It was the basis for combining a wide range of plastically shaped car parts into groups with the subsequent development of standard (basic) technological processes for each of them.

The first group includes hollow cylindrical parts with a flange. The basis of the second group of parts are stepped shafts and axles with slots. The third group of parts are elastic elements of the car suspension, consisting of strips of variable thickness along the length. Representatives of the fourth group are cylindrical solid and hollow parts with a perpendicular end. This approach allows us to form the concept of building advanced industrial technologies.

The factors of the working environment of workplaces determining working conditions of workers in foundries are considered. The excess of permissible levels or concentrations of dust, noise, vibration and other harmful factors in various technological operations of manufacturing castings is resulted.

The European Union is one of the main trade partners of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The export operations between these countries and EU of some items of foundry and metallurgy according to Harmonized Commodity Description (HCD – Group 72 «Iron and Steel») in 2010–2017 was analyzed. The information of three biggest export countries to EU is given on every of the abovementioned positions of HCD. Analysis of trends and variations of export from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine and some conclusions are given in the article.