The classical theory of crystallization of metal melts has been investigated. It is shown that it does not correspond to the second law of thermodynamics. Based on thermodynamic analysis, it was found that the classical theory of crystallization of metal melts is very problematic. To solve theoretical problems, it must be considered that the crystallization of metal melts is mainly an equilibrium process in which nanocrystals play a major role.

The necessity of systematic formation of intellectual connections for integration into a single complex of currently fragmented software products for the technological analysis of the castings geometry, thermodynamic modeling of the titanium alloys properties, calculation of molding mixtures thermophysical characteristics for the purpose of conjugate implementation of a set of modeling procedures and casting processes diagnostics of is proved. Lack of such an integrated software package, computer analysis of modeling results in the existing manufacturing products practice demonstrates (by the example of the shrinkage defects distribution in a responsible casting of TL3 alloy) the need for radical technological design tools’ improvement.

One of the key components of the “digital technology” being formed in the future is thermodynamic modeling of equilibrium phase transformations, which allows calculating the physico-chemical parameters, thermodynamic, thermophysical and casting parameters of titanium alloys and their evolution in the temperature range of crystallization. Based on thermodynamic simulation, experimental planning apparatus and the experience of statistical analysis carried out, a method for forming models for estimating equilibrium parameters used in modeling foundry processes has been developed, and it shows the possibility of applying it to various casting titanium alloys. For the standard composition of the TL3 alloy, a multifactor system of equations was obtained, reflecting the degree of influence of the components on the fluctuations of the alloy characteristics complex, which determine the development of a series of casting defects. The possibilities of using the obtained models for TL3 alloy and methods of obtaining them for use in computer modeling systems to increase the adequacy and accuracy of the results obtained are described.

The article presents a number of experimental and research works on the development of parameters of the casting technology of grinding balls by casting in a lined coquille (chill mould) with a vertical connector. The influence of a multi-level gating system on the efficiency of filling the mold cavity of lined coquilles with melt, on the quality of crystallization of large grinding balls, as well as on increasing the output of suitable casting was revealed. The influence of the thickness of the facing layer on the crystallization of large grinding balls is studied. The effect of modifiers containing barium, magnesium and cerium on the physical and mechanical characteristics of grinding balls and separately cast samples is investigated. Technology has been developed to eliminate contraction cavity in cast grinding balls by enhancing direct crystallization by partially replacing the facing layer with a heat-resistant water coating. The equipment for large-lot production of high-quality large grinding balls developed by OJSC “BELNIILIT” and competitive to world analogs is proposed.

Crystallization of cast iron has been shown to be a nanostructured process. Austenitic-graphite eutectic is formed from iron and graphite nanocrystals, free iron and graphite atoms. Austenitic-cementite eutectic is formed from iron and graphite nanocrystals, free graphite atoms and iron-carbon complexes. Primary austenite microcrystals are formed from iron nanocrystals, graphite and iron-carbon complexes.

The crystallization of silumins has been shown to be a nanostructured process. Liquid silumin consists of elementary nanocrystals of aluminum and silicon, free atoms of aluminum and silicon, aluminum-silicon complexes. Primary microcrystals are formed from them. Eutectic microcrystals are formed from elementary nanocrystals of silicon and aluminum, aluminumsilicon complexes.

The paper presents the results of comparison of quality indices of brake shoes for railroad rolling stock made of synthetic cast iron smelted in induction furnaces and of composite material which is a vulcanized mixture of rubber and different fillers. Disclosed are the disadvantages of composite brake pads. Defects of the working surface of the railway rolling stock wheels rolling surface caused by the application of composite brake pads made of rubber-asbestos or rubber-asbestos mixture are shown. Parameters of C, Si, Mn, P, S content and carbon equivalent distribution in cast iron used for the production of «M» type brake shoes according to GOST 30249-97 are analysed. It is established that the hardness and fracture strength of pads do not correlate with the content of chemical elements in cast iron and its carbon equivalent. The ranges of C, Si, Mn, P, S distributions in the specified purpose cast iron are much narrower than the allowable limits of these elements specified in GOST 30249–97. Suggestions for improving the standards are given.

Copper-based powder materials have found their application in many industries. These include classical powder metallurgy, automotive and aviation industries, microelectronics, instrument engineering, and nanotechnology. In this paper, the processes of forming and sintering copper powders obtained by various methods are considered. The main part of the research was carried out on powders of the PMS-1 brand obtained by electrolysis. Four batches of samples (18 pieces each) were pressed at different pressures. Based on the results of the research, a molding mode was proposed, which should ensure the density of blanks not less than 70 % of the density of compact material. To find the simplest and most rational modes of sintering blanks, the process was carried out in air and in dissociated ammonia. The parameters of the samples were calculated after each technological operation, and the volume shrinkage of the samples was calculated depending on the initial density. Draft tests were carried out. Sediment tests were performed up to a maximum pressure of 400 MPa. Despite the fact that the degree of high-altitude deformation was 37–40 %, none of the samples collapsed during the tests, and no visible cracks were observed. Based on preliminary experiments, the masses and forming modes of rectangular blanks that were used for equal channel angular pressing were calculated. Equal channel angular pressing was performed for two samples parties obtained using different sintering modes. When pressing the first samples party, the lack of the required level of back pressure led to either a complete or significant violation of the material integrity. Before pressing the samples of the second party, a copper sample was previously placed into the channel to create a natural backpressure. It was also possible in principle to carry out the process of equal channel angular pressing of porous sintered workpieces without violating the integrity of the material.

The article defines the optimal equipment necessary for the repair of the body stands of a pipe-rolling reduction-stretching mill. The body stand of the mill crate, made of 40X structural alloy steel, undergoes wear of the bearing seats during operation. Body stands restoration is carried out by surfacing the worn surfaces of the part with subsequent machining to the dimensions specified in the design documentation. In the process of surfacing medium-carbon steels, carbides are formed, which leads to a sharp increase in hardness in the zone of thermal influence, which affects the durability of carbide plates and processing accuracy.

It is necessary to consider the geometric shape, dimensions, weight and material of the part while choosing equipment for repairing the body stand. Using a horizontal boring machine with a horizontal spindle performing rotational and translational movement of the axial feed, it is necessary to take into account the rigidity of the spindle, which affects the accuracy of processing, especially when restoring deep holes after surfacing with hardening surfacing materials. Bending the spindle can cause vibration and beating, which will affect the quality of the work performed. An increase in the rigidity of the machining can be achieved by using a drilling rod or by increasing the diameter of the spindle. Since it is necessary to restore deep blind holes in the repaired housing, it is impossible to use a drilling rod. In the process of work, the optimal diameter of the spindle of the horizontal boring machine was determined, taking into account the design features of the work piece.

The possibility of using zirconium in the steel composition of the Arx-Zr brand in the cold-deformed reinforcement of a threesided periodic profile of strength class 500 MPa manufacture in order to increase the finished reinforcement strength characteristics is determined. There is test results information of a wire rod /blank with an 8.8 mm diameter, which is intended for the manufacture of cold-deformed fittings with an 8.0 mm diameter, are presented. A comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical finished cold-deformed fittings properties with an 8.0 mm diameter made of steel grade Arch-Zr and fittings of a three-sided periodic profile made of wire rod of ordinary quality was done. Analyzed the obtained properties and the cold-deformed fittings evaluation for meeting the standards’ requirements. Identified that the addition of zirconium to steel in an amount of 0.019 % does not affect the final strength characteristics of the produced cold-deformed reinforcement of a three-sided periodic profile of strength class 500 MPa. The values of the physical and mechanical parameters of the produced cold-deformed reinforcement are similar to the cold-formed reinforcement parameters made of wire rod of ordinary quality without the use of alloying.

Clean steel non-metallic inclusions have a significant effect on the physic and mechanical as well as technological properties of the metal and consequently on the quality of the final product. There are many methods for detecting and evaluating nonmetallic inclusions. Traditional methods for assessing the contamination of metal with microinclusions are metallographic methods, which are divided into methods for comparing the contamination of the section with inclusions with reference scales and counting methods. The classification of inclusions by traditional methods on a polished section is based on morphological features: shape, color, aspect ratio, etc. In addition to traditional optical microscopy, an electron microscope is used for studies that are more detailed. Equipping an electron microscope with an attachment for energy-dispersive microanalysis allows classifying nonmetallic inclusions by chemical classes. As a result of the implementation of a set of organizational and technical measures, BMZ, the management company of BMK Holding, installed and put into operation research equipment in December 2020 – a scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive microanalyzer (SEM with EMF). Thanks to the software module that the microanalyzer is equipped with, the possibility of automatic analysis of non-metallic inclusions is implemented. The software settings include the search for non-metallic inclusions and their classification according to widely used international standards. The flexible configuration of the software allows you to create models for separating inclusions into different user classes.

The article deals with the recycling issues of electric steelmaking dusts by thermodynamic extraction of iron, zinc and lead in order to reduce the impact on the environment and increase the industry resource base.

PXE is an environment for booting computers using a network card without using hard drives, CDs and other devices used while booting operating systems. By choosing a network boot in the BIOS, it is possible to install the OS / rid of viruses /recover disks /test RAM from the PXE Boot server. Such a tool is irreplaceable in the case of a large number of computers

The article presents the basic principles of web services. The comparison with other types of web services is carried out. Analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different solutions. One of the options for software implementation that allows data transfer between the SAP ERP system and the local systems of the main production units using web services is considered. The result of this work was the implementation and adaptation of a new method of data exchange between systems, the possibility of using received classes and functional modules for the quick creation of following-up web services.

The article provides an overview of the web traffic filtering system using the Linux-based Squid software package. The system allows you to limit users on the Internet and collect statistics without interfering with the user’s computer, including the web browser.

The results of laser radiation interaction with woven fabrics and coatings on them can be used as a basis for new technological processes. The morphology of the surface of a pure mixed fabric 07C11-KV (Mogotex) is studied and this fabric with a zirconium coating after laser exposure in the dual pulse mode. The modes under which tissue destruction occurs as a result of melting of the material under the action of a concentrated stream of laser radiation are established. It is shown that laser exposure in the twopulse mode in the energy range from 10 to 20J leads to complete material destruction with fabric edges melting.

This paper presents an analysis of the use of organic solvents in paint systems used in high quality treatment of car bodies in the period from 1998 to 2020. Nowadays it is possible to solve the problem of high efficiency corrosion protection and decorative and water-repellent properties of the protective layer with the help of painting systems. Paint systems include primers, putties, varnishes, paints, polishes, etc., usually from a single manufacturer.

The purpose of this work is – providing deformation conditions for obtaining the required texture of pipes made of Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy based on the choice of rational values of the calibration parameters of the t ool – calibers and mandrels during cold pilger rolling of pipes for the required Q-factor distribution along the deformation cone.

Purpose of work – providing deformation conditions for obtaining the required texture of pipes made of Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy based on the choice of rational values of the calibration parameters of the tool – calibers and mandrels during cold pilger rolling of pipes for the required Q-factor distribution along the deformation cone. The research methods were based on the existing dependence, which describes the influence of the distribution of true compressions along the deformation cone along the wall thickness and along the average diameter, on the distribution of the Q-factor. Calibration calculation and calculation of all deformation parameters of the Cold Rolling Pipe Process was based on a number of existing theoretical and empirical dependencies included in the generally accepted adapted methods for their calculation.

The advantages of sparingly alloyed steels for the manufacture of large-module gears are substantiated. A test output quality control of the manufacture of gears from rolled new structural sparingly alloyed steel 21ХГНМБА (21KhGNMBA) was carried out at all stages of technological conversion in the conditions of serial production. The efficiency of the developed technological processes of preliminary heat treatment of workpieces and chemical-thermal treatment of gears is shown. A significant reduction in the labor intensity of these processes is achieved in comparison with the processes of chemical-thermal treatment of steels with a high nickel content. Recommendations are given on the choice of an abrasive tool for grinding surface-hardened gears made of economically alloyed steel.

The conditions for choosing a billet mass for the manufacture of an ring part on an automated ring-rolling complex, the features of heating the billets in the conditions of an automated line and heat treatment of manufactured parts are considered. The expediency of differentiated assignment of tolerances for the rings’ sizes after ring rolling, depending on their type, conditions of subsequent mechanical treatment and operation, is substantiated. Attention is focused on the need to design a ring-rolling technology with control of the billet parameters not only during the cutting, heating and pressing operations, but also before the ring-rolling operation, especially when using reheating. To evaluate the technological temperature state of the ring blanks at different stages of manufacturing in an automated line, it is offered to use the billet’s “conventional temperature”, which is determined in the 2nd zone from the middle of the billet. The use of single gas heating of billets in rotary-hearth furnaces in the manufacture of annular billet on an automated line is justified. The problems of the automated ring rolling line and the heat treatment complex synchronization are determined. It is shown that the clock capacity of the automated ring rolling line significantly exceeds the clock capacity of the planned heat treatment complex. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop software for their synchronous operation.

The proposed recommendations are intended for the development of technological support for an automated ring-rolling complex at OJSC “PAK Plant” as part of “BELAZ-HOLDING”.

The working conditions of metal fillers, production factors, determining them are considered. The results of the parameters study of metal fillers’ working conditions compared to the standard values are given.

The working conditions of formers, production factors, determining them are considered. The results of the parameters study of formers working conditions compared to the standard values are given.

The issues of creating new materials with new properties, which will lead to fundamentally new devices and machines’ designs, are considered. In the twenty-first century, materials science is becoming one of the main fundamental and applied sciences that support technological progress and the further development of society.